Posted by admin | Posted in Sleep Cure Info | Posted on 12-03-2010
Tags: first, pregnancy, sleep, trimester
Women € ™ s food during pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy and lactation is characterized by a series of fundamental structural changes and body functional Mother: enlargement of the uterus, placenta formation, mammary glands, increase, changes in the endocrine glands, enlargement of blood, increased metabolism, etc
All these changes require making decisions about how to help the mother's body through this period without damage the health of the mother or child. Diet plays an important role in the structure of these measures.
Research on a pregnant woman € ™ s metabolism have shown that increased nutrient requirements compared to the needs of an adult woman who is not pregnant, especially during the second period, pregnancy and during lactation.
The increased caloric needs of early pregnancy, with 5-10% and the second part of the caloric needs are up 15-20% higher. During lactation, the May increase is 30% or 1,000 calories more than non-pregnant adult women.
The need for protein pregnant women is 1.5 – 2 g / kg / day or 100g/day during early pregnancy, increasing to 120 g in the last trimester of pregnancy and 125 grams during lactation. Therefore 2 / 3 or at least half of them have a high biological value, first, milk, primarily dairies, eggs, meat and fish.
A contingent of proteins can lead to poor pregnancy complications: anemia, eclampsia, edema or poor fetus, premature birth, birth, and the different states of the fetus defective, an increased susceptibility to diseases after birth and the hardness decreases. Power, may also influence the quality and quantity of milk secretion.
Vegetable proteins of legumes (beans, peas and lentils) should be avoided, as they often contain high levels of cellulose, since it makes it difficult to digestion and postprandial distension possible, has supported with difficulty by the pregnant woman.
The amount of fat should be low because the surcharge Livera € ™ s functions and promote acidity. Therefore, a small amount of 90 g / day should be consumed in the first period of pregnancy and during lactation 110g/day. Half of them are consumed by the consumption of vegetables, other animal fats, including fat contained in food.
The amount of glucose should be 5â € "6 g / kg / day or 350 €" 420 g / day and may increase to 500 g per day for breastfeeding without excess, since they may lead to obesity and diabetes. We should eat more fruits and vegetables provide vitamins and minerals or cereals and cereal-based foods without overdoing the consumption of cakes.
During pregnancy and lactation, the need for minerals, calcium, phosphorus and iron, in particular, increases and as it can not be satisfied by the usual food, drink foods that contain them, such as milk, dairy products, eggs, meat, liver, spinach, tomatoes, lettuce, etc.
Calcium and needs phosphorus is 1.5 g / day compared with 0.8 g / day for adults, pregnant women, breastfeeding women, can grow to 2 g / day. The need iron increases 15A € "16 mg / day, the need for non-pregnant adults, 20 mg / day during pregnancy and 25 mg / day during lactation.
As for the amount of sodium should be reduced, especially in the last period of pregnancy, because it promotes edema that can cause complications at birth.
The need of some vitamins is higher in pregnant women. So, the need for thiamin 2 mg / day during pregnancy, instead of 1.5 mg / day in normal and 2.3 â € "2.5 mg / day during lactation. The need for riboflavin is 2.5 mg / day during pregnancy instead of 2 mg / day in terms normal, and increases to 3 a € "3.2 mg / time. Nursing is the need for pyridoxine 5 mg / day, the need for vitamin PP 14 – 15mg/day from 18 to 20 mg / day for pregnant women and 24A € "25 mg / day for breastfeeding women. Vitamin K is necessary to 0.5 â €" 1 mg / day for pregnant women, especially in the last period of pregnancy, taking into account the blood loss during delivery. Vitamin A is necessary 6 000 IU for pregnant women and 8 000 IU for lactating women, compared to 5 000 IU for normal women. The required amount of vitamin D is 400 IU of pregnant women and 500A € "600 IU for lactating women. This can be achieved through food (milk) but also by exposure to sunlight during the summer. Vitamin E, especially necessary during pregnancy, as it promotes the normal growth of the embryo, is necessary quantities of 10Â € "12 mg / day, supplied by the consumption of vegetable oil, eggs, meat, grain germination. Vitamin C, the amount needed grows 50A € "55 mg / day, the amount of normal women, 100 mg / day for pregnant women and 130 € "150 mg / day for lactating women, will be provided by the consumption of fresh plant foods (fruits and vegetables). Group B vitamins provides in particular for bread, meat, milk, eggs, vegetables, and vitamin A by dairy products, eggs, fish and some vegetables that provide carotene, which will convert the body into active vitamin.
All the nutritional needs of women pregnant or lactating woman is provided by the consumer food among major groups.
The amount of meat and meat products are consumed daily 200A € "250 g / day, the quantity of milk is 600 – 1,000 ml / day, the cheese should be about 50 g / day, and at least one egg every day. Fats are provided through: 20 g of butter per day, 20-25 grams of oil per day. In foods of plant origin, rye bread will be given preference (provides more vitamins, minerals and doesn t ™ cause constipation €) 250A € "350 g / day, 30 – pastry 40g/day or other grain products, 400A €" 500 g / day and vegetable 250th € " 300 g / potatoes a day. The amount of fruit can 350A € "400 g / day, fresh or cooked, boiled, and the amount of sugar per day should be about 40Â € "50 g / Day
Food should be sufficient qualitative and quantitative, not in excess, should be rotated and the freshest food possible. We recommend having small frequent meals, especially in the first period of pregnancy when dyspeptic symptoms (nausea, vomiting) may affecting food. Avoid fatty, spicy, salty, smoked meat, canned fish or meat, alcohol and coffee. Irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa usually with hypersecretion gastric juice. If endured sometimes are allowed in small amounts of wine with soda or coffee, not too much or become a norm.
Fried foods with sauce or fried in fat are not recommended for pregnant or lactating women.
Weight gain is about. Must be almost nonexistent in the early months of pregnancy since this will increase to 1.5 kg / month in the last 6 months, taking care that the weight gain Wona € ™ t exceed 10 kg during pregnancy.
In the work of all types of food are prohibited. After birth fortified foods should be consumed easily digestible and stimulating natural coffee, coffee, sauce, meat sauce, vegetables, eggs, fruit juices, etc. from the third day after birth, the recommended diet for breastfeeding women will start.
Nursing women, besides the information listed should be aware that some of these substances can reach the milk, which gives a bad taste or cause stomach in the baby, so it should be avoided. They are: onions, garlic, alcohol, which can also cause nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, due to growth in the excitability nervous system of children.
Pregnant women and nursing mothers should follow a set of rules on food hygiene, absolutely necessary, such as: respect per hour meal, a good distribution of calories each Meal € | On this point, we have already said that it is better to have a meal more or less coherent, to be better assimilated by the body. Chewing long-term care. Avoid any type of emotions during meals and take a break post-prandial.
Try, If possible, do not modify the pregnant woman € ™ s eating habits, if ARENA € ™ t too different from the boundaries of sound power. A t Wona ™ € impose unnecessary restrictions or excesses that may damage the contribution of nutritional factors, such as dietary salt or mineral intake and vitamins in excess.
Maintaining the optimum ratio nutritional factors, since it has a positive influence on the absorption and utilization.
If the pregnant woman has a nutritional imbalance, which will be taken into account to try to correct them.
When a pregnant woman has a job that looking physically and mentally, nutrient intake be adjusted according to your needs that exceed normal for a pregnant woman or the man who makes little effort sedentary.
It is also important if the pregnant woman is a teenager. Due to the growing needs of this period, pregnant teenagers € ™ s proportion will increase in calories and nutrients to meet the needs of adolescents ™ € s each time.
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